Research - Japanese Tattooing (Edo Criminal)

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In Edo Japan those tattoos were used to mark criminals as a from of punishment. Placed on spots like arms and forehead. Each tattoo was specific for the crime, the region or even how many times a crime was committed by a person. Some tattoos say Kyoto, Edo and Tokyo in todays language, which was used to say where the criminal was in prison, whereas some others can say something like Evil for repeat offenders.
The forehead tattoos were for more intense offenses.

These are some lose translations and meanings behind the tattoos, due to the language barrior and the time difference, some of these meanings may not be accurate to what they meant and are more educated guesses.
Province = a location within a country. In these tattoos they can either mean where the criminal is from/committed the crime or where the prison is located that they attend/attended.
Magistrates = volunteers who hear cases in their local community

1. Kyoto Province - location
2. unknown
3. Local Governor - (a guess on what it meant during the Edo era) magistrates or municipal administrators with responsibility for governing and maintaining order in the shogunal city of Edo - could be the markings of someone in power/has authority?
4. Kofu Province - location
5. Edo Province - location
6. Edo
7. Osaka Province - location
8. Fushimi - location (a shrine/temples is located there)
9. Nagasaki - location
10. Nara - location (shrine/temples located)
11. Sunpu - location/used to be a castle
12. Man - gender marking
13. Choshu - supported the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate and the creation of a new government headed by the emperor
14. Chikugo - location
15. Evil - multiple crimes committed
16. Criminal/outcast
17. Nikko - location
18. Sado - location


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